As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. When it is washed into lakes, aluminum irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. When acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminum (Al). Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low-level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. Hydrocarbons emitted by, for example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone. Acidification increases with the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. More ammonium (NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralized by airborne ammonia (NH3 ). The acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain.Ĭatalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and ammonium help promote the formation of acids in clouds. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3 ).
If they are in the atmosphere for anytime, the gasses will oxidize (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids.
The gasses may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the surface vegetation. Most sulfur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and most nitrogen are also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which are gasses. When they burn, they make sulfur dioxide (SO2 ).
Acid rain comes from sulfur in coal and oil.
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